A urinalysis is a simple test that looks at a small sample of your urine. It can help find conditions that may need treatment, including infections or kidney problems. Type of collection discussion random there are no particular precautions to avoid contamination. Plastic strip dipped in urine sample test for various chemical components of urine results in seconds to minutes often performed in emergency departments or ambulatory clinics that do not have a micro lab available associated with false negatives use caution if a negative dipstick test results in a patient with symptoms of a uti. Policy and administrative procedure manual of policies and. The urine will be looked at for color and clearness.
Evaluation of urine by automatic and manual methods. Dipstick urine analysis without urine culture is sufficient for dxof uncomplicated uti sensitivity of 75% and specificity of 82% when positive for either leukocyte esterase or nitrite. If the analysis cannot be performed promptly urine test has three parts. In this lecture material the routine urine test, physical, chemical and microscopic examination of urine are briefly discussed and it is a preparation which is intended. Normal urine color has wide range from pale yellow, straw, light yellow, dark yellow amber. Ideally, the smear should be made from the sediment after centrifugation of the urine sample. Originating office office of program analysis and coordination, center for substance abuse treatment. Urinalysis, urine cultures, and random urine analysis. Hand the cup and lid to the offender and allow himher to visually inspect it. Begin to void urine, letting the first 2025 ml pass into the toilet. Substance abuse and mental health services administration, 2010. There is no abnormal range as such, since the urine can normally vary from acid to alkaline.
Urine collection should be started just after the time you have voided the first time. Urine specimens should be refrigerated if they cannot be examined within 2 hours because urine begins to break down after that time, becoming more alkaline, and rendering some urine tests inaccurate. Urine collection urinalysis, urine cultures, and random. Always wear gloves whilst messing about with another persons pee. For this reason, it is important for the physician to correlate the urine ph with other information to determine whether there is a problem. Urine collection urinalysis, urine cultures, and random urine.
This includes urine voided during the night and urine voided until the same time you. Position the cup in the stream of urine until the container is about onehalf to twothirds full. The complete urinalysis by rick cowell, dvm, ms, dacvp q. Variables estimating the detection time of a drug in urine is a complex task because of the many factors that influence a compounds elimination from the body. Urine samples and urinalysis article pdf available in nursing standard. It has been known for centuries that abnormalities in urine may indicate disease and the analysis of urine are developed from simple visual examination to the modern automated methods.
The urine that is produced by the kidney is a byproduct of some of the kidney s primary functions, which include. The urinalysis is a set of screening tests that can provide a general overview of a persons health. Blood may make urine look red or the color of tea or cola. The excel files containing all raw data and results are backed up daily using a cd writer or external drive for storage. Early change in urine protein as a surrogate end point in studies of iga nephropathy. Urine collection special containers are utilized based on the type of analysis requested. Urine is normally acidic but its normal ph ranges from 4. Diabetic ketoacidosis can cause urine to have a fruity or sweet odor, and alkaline fermentation can cause an ammoniacal odor after prolonged bladder retention.
Diet also affects the urine ph and should be taken in consideration while reading a urine analysis report, e. Policy and administrative procedures manual of policies and. Aug 12, 20 chemical analysis of urine the dipstick method of chemical analysis of urine 28. Urine specimen normally urine is a sterile body fluid the bladder and urinary tract are sterile, the urethra may contain commensals presence of bacteria in urine called bacteriuria cleancatch midstream urine specimens that have more than 100,000 colonies of bacteria per ml of urine may be indicative of infection. A dipstick is a thin, plastic stick with strips of chemicals on it. Department of justice national institute of justice 2364 this document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating it. Points of view or opinions stated in this document are those of the authors and do not necessarily.
Microscopic examination is essential for urine analysis, but a timeconsuming procedure. If there are any abnormal findings then a microscopic evaluation of the urine if ind, ua micro will also be performed. Epithelial cells35, bacteriamany, yeastmany, amorphousmoderate, blood sugar195mgdlwhich of the following is. Contents listed by paragraph and page number chapter 1 general, page 1 purpose 11, page 1 references 12, page 1 explanation of abbreviations and terms, page 1 responsibility 14, page 1 program authority 15, page 1 army center substance abuse program mission and objectives 16, page 1 army substance abuse program concept and principles 17, page 1. Laboratory procedure manual centers for disease control. Other names for it are urine test, urine analysis, and ua you may have a. The clinical significance of urine test results dufort et lavigne. The urinalysis ua is critically important in the diagnosis of renal and urologic diseases. A urinalysis test is performed by collecting a urine sample from the patient in a specimen cup. In this lecture material the routine urine test, physical.
In such cases, the microscopic analysis would be negative for rbcs. Tests include ph, specific gravity, protein, glucose. Proteus some exceptions exist, such as staphylococcus, enterococcus, and. Urine for pregnancy testing should be first morning void, or a random specimen with a specific gravity of at least 1. Detected by heat coagulation or dipstick method urine proteins come from plasma protein and tommhorsfall th glycoprotein healthy individuals excrete urine, blood, hair as indicators of recent or ongoing cannabis use frank mussho. Smart testing upl certificationtraining 32 unclassified techniques avoid signaling atest soldiers watch all of your actions as a upl you may provide cues that testing is going to occur. Especially for cannabinoids, analytical procedures for the veri. If the analysis cannot be performed promptly urine should be stored at refrigerated temperature to minimize changes in urine physical and chemical makeup, inhibit bacterial. A 24yearold obese diabetic woman had the following blood and urine test results from specimens obtained at the same time.
Those dipsticks make a pretty good catapult for drops of eyeballseeking urine. Inker, md, ms,1 hasi mondal, mph,1 tom greene, phd,2 taylor masaschi, ba,1 francesco locatelli, md,3 francesco p. Typically, these include specimens for urinalysis, urine culture, random urine analysis, and 24hour collection for timed chemistry tests such as creatinine clearance. Urinalysis or urine testing is used to look for abnormalities such as an excess amount of protein, blood, pus, bacteria or sugar. A urine test can help detect a variety of kidney and urinary tract disorders, including chronic kidney disease, diabetes, bladder infections and kidney stones. Measures the hydrogen ion concentration of the urine. Significant myoglobinuria can produce acute renal failure. General urine specimen collection procedure ltr27570. To assist the offender in providing the specimen, staff shall offer the offender no more than eight 8 ounces of water at the beginning of the.
Ensure that the specimen cup being used is at room temperature i. It is a very common test that can be performed in many health care settings, including doctors offices, urgent care facilities, laboratories, hospitals, and even at home. Optimally, urine should be examined within 30 minutes of collection. In very dilute urine, small quantities of chemicals may be undetectable. To assist the offender in providing the specimen, staff shall offer the offender no more than eight 8 ounces of water at the beginning of the twohour time period, if requested. If the sample is extremely hypocellular, it may be very difficult to see the pellet. Early change in urine protein as a surrogate end point in. Epithelial cells35, bacteriamany, yeastmany, amorphousmoderate, blood sugar195mgdlwhich. Make one smear by placing a small drop of urine sediment near one end of a glass slide and spread the urine as if making a blood smear. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of fresh urine. Chemical analysis of urine the dipstick method of chemical analysis of urine 28. May discern between cocciand bacillary forms of bacteria on unstained urine sample. It is important that a fresh sample be used as urine becomes more alkaline over time as bacteria convert urea to ammonia which is very alkaline.
Urine analysis 4 release them sporadically during the day which means they may be missed by a single urine sample. This study was undertaken to evaluate an automated urinalysis system the sysmex ufi urisys 2400. Pdf urinalysis is a routine screening and diagnostic tool that can be used to identify infections and diseases. Immerse the dipstick completely in the specimen of. For urine chemistry tests, the 24hour urine collection is the usual standard. Additionally, technical aspects of the testing methods themselves also affect how long a drug will continue to be detected in urine. Note the time of collection of the specimen on the test requisition and on the label of the container.
Urinalysis and kidney disease national kidney foundation. Oct 27, 2010 diet also affects the urine ph and should be taken in consideration while reading a urine analysis report, e. It can also help find serious diseases in the early stages, like chronic kidney disease, diabetes, or liver disease. It is very important that you save all urine voided in a 24hour period. Waste excretion urea, creatinine, drug metabolites, sulfates, uric acid. Refusal to submit a urine specimen is considered the same as receiving a positive test result and shall subject the offender to disciplinary action under the appropriate disciplinary process. It is best to make at least 2 smears using 2 different techniques. The need for trained human resources in the field is, therefore, very essential not only for patient care but also for preventive measures. Clear urine with a dipstick strongly positive for blood usually means myoglobinuria. Using a new pipette, dispense a drop of sample on a glass slide, similar to preparing a blood film. Lightly flick the bottom of the tube multiple times with your finger to gently resuspend the formed elements.
857 759 1335 234 1169 795 1097 27 261 457 1195 1172 1347 438 212 1325 735 255 1165 916 645 668 826 916 349 998 799 733